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Cards In This Set
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_____ of psychological knowledge are often called researchers, while ______ of psychological knowledge are often called practitioners
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Producers; consumers
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________ involves detailing characteristics or behaviors of interest, ________ involves demonstrating that characteristics or behaviors are related to each other, and _________ involves establishing that changes in one characteristic or behavior leads to changes in another.
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Description; prediction; understanding
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Intuition, authority, rational induction, and empiricism are each a useful source of ________, but only the latter is an accepted source of __________.
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Hypotheses; knowledge
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_______ hypotheses are related to descriptive knowledge, ________ hypotheses to predictive knowledge, and _______ hypotheses to understanding.
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Attributive, associative, causal
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_______ hypotheses are about the description of characteristics or behaviors, _______ hypotheses are about the statistical relationships between characteristics or behaviors, and ________ hypotheses are about how characteristics or behaviors influence each other
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Attributive, associative, causal
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_______ comes only from rational induction, while _______ comes from empirical research
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Proof, probabilistic conclusions
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Applications of the research loop involve ________ studies of new research hypotheses, _________ studies of previous research to test the reproducibility of previous research findings, and _________ studies to test the specificity and generalizability of previous research findings
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Initial, replication, convergent research
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The _________ approach is based on the idea that one properly completed study will give us reliable and correct knowledge, while the ________ approach is based onthe idea that reliable and correct knowledge is only obtained from repeating the exact and similar studies to find a pattern of consistent findings.
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Critical experiment; converging operations
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________ validity is about causal interpretability, _______ validity is about generalizability, __________ validity is about proper representation of characteristics of behaviors with our data, and _______ validity is about correctly deciding whether or not two characteristics or behaviors are related.
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Internal, External, Measurement, Statistical conclusion
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________ is the component of external validity related to who is in the study, ______ is the component related to where the study is conducted, _______ is the component related to what participants do and interact with during the study, and ______ is the component related to when the study is conducted.
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Population, setting, task/stimulus, societal/temporal
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A _____ sample "looks like" the target population, while a ________ sample is one procedure used to obtain this goal
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Representative, random
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A ______ sampling frame includes the identity of or access to all members of the target population, while a ______ sampling frame includes the identity of or access to individuals who are expected to represent the target population
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Complete; purposive
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Each member of a ________ selected sample is individually chosen from the sampling frame and approached to participate in the research, while those from a _______ selected sample respond to a general invitation to the sampling frame
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Researcher-selected, self-selected
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In a ______ sampling plan each member of the sampling frame has an equal probability of selection, while in a ______ sampling plan each member of a given subsection of the sampling frame has an equal probability of selection
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Simple, stratified
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A _____ includes all members of the group to which the researcher would like to generalize the results of the research, while the _______ is a list or access process for the group
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Population, sampling frame
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