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In a few provinces, a ______________ _________________ is required to obtain a license to practice as a psychologist.
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A doctorate degree.
(In Canada, a few provinces require that individuals who call themselves "psychologists" possess a doctoral degree in psychology. People with master's degrees can still register with the provincial body and provide psychological services.)
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An important movement in psychology that emerged in the 1960's and rejected psychoanalysis and behaviourism was ____________.
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Humanism.
(Humanism emerged in the 1960s in reaction to the pessimism of psychoanalysis and the mechanistic views of behaviourism.)
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Which modern perspective focuses on how people reason, remember, understand language and solve problems?
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The Cognitive Perspective
(The cognitive perspective focuses on understanding the processes the mind uses to know and understand the world.)
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_______ is the aspect of psychology least recognized and understood by the public.
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Research
(Research is the professional activity of psychologists that is least understood by the public according to Ludy Benjamin.)
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_________ founded the field of psychoanalysis.
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Sigmund Freud
(Sigmund Freud was the founder of the field of psychoanalysis.)
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________ emphasized the purpose of behaviour as opposed to its analysis and description.
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Functionalism
(Functionalism emphasized the purpose of behaviour, while structuralism examined the basic elements of the mind.)
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_______ establishd the first psychological labratory in 1879.
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Wilhelm Wundt
(Wilhelm Wundt is referred to as the father of modern, scientific psychology because he established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig in 1879.)
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Unlike modern psychologists, great thinkers of the past ________________________________.
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Relief on observations based on anaecdote and description of individual cases.
(Great thinkers of the past tended to rely on anecdotes and descriptions of individual cases rather than empirical evidence, but they were similar to modern psychologists in wanting to describe, predict, understand, and modify behaviour and wanting to know what motivated behaviour.)
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An important characteristic of a critical thinker is ________________________________.
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The willingness to engage in vigerous debate about the validity of an idea.
(Critical thinkers must be willing to debate ideas and to judge opinions. They must be aware of the importance of relying on empirical evidence rather than intuition.)
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Psychology can be defined as the discipline concerned with ________________________________.
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Behaviour and mental processes and how they are afected by an organisms physical state, mental state and external environment.
(Psychology is a broad discipline concerned with all aspects of animal and human behaviour and mental processes.)
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Compared to "pop psych," psychology ________________________________.
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Is based on empirical evidence.
(Psychology, as opposed to "pop psych," is strongly based on empirical evidence.)
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What are the critical thinking guidelines listed in the text?
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Ask questions and be willing to wonder, define your terms, and examine the evidence.
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A difference between the great thinkers of history and today's psychologists is that _____________________________.
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They rely heavily on empirical evidence.(Modern psychologists rely strongly on empirical evidence, whereas great thinkers of the past tended to rely on anecdote and description of individual cases. The other choices are similarities between modern psychologists and great historical thinkers.)
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The first person to announce that he intended to make psychology a science was ___________.
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Wilhelm Wundt
(Wilhelm Wundt, in 1873, was the first person to publicly state his intention to make psychology a science.)
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____________ involved the analysis of the basic elements or building blocks of the mind.
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Structuralism
(Structuralism focused on describing the basic elements that composed the mind.)
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