Wildlife Management Exam II

Ecosystems where dominant plant life are trees that lose their leaves after a single growing seasonFour distinct seasonsAbundant rainfallBeech, maple, oakBroad leavesRich soil with high organic matter

Saplings unable to develop due to shade - slowly die out (birch, aspen) and give rise to this stage of succession

Shade tolerant plants emerge (maple, hemlock) and dominate forests

Structure based on height of trees (ground cover, shrubs, suppressed, intermediate, co-dominant, and dominant)

Stand density and crown cover within timber stands and across landscape

The gradual supplanting of one community of plants by another, usually as a result of differences in shade tolerance

10%

Disturbance

Used to describe species that are intolerant to very intolerant to shade; first tree species to inhabit a site after a stand-replacing eventFast-growingCharacterized to open or low density crownsRelatively short life span

Used to describe the most shade tolerant tree species that are native to a particular region

Trees that normally are not the first to colonize open areasGrow up in existing canopiesLive a long time, grow slowly, heavier seedsAmerican beech, some oaks

Generally the "first in" after an event such as a clear cut or major fire that substantially opens up the canopyFast-growing, short-lived, light seedsRed maple, yellow-poplar, sweetgum, loblolly pine

The application of the principles of forest ecology to a stand of trees to help meet specified objectives (income, wildlife habitat, water quality, recreation, etc.)

This type of management is used for intolerant species

This type of management is used for tolerant species