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Cards In This Set
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Marxist and critical criminologists argue that traditional criminology focuses on what instead of what?
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They focus on the 'vrimes of the street' and ignore the 'crimes of the suites' committed by big businesses.
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What does Chambliss believe we should investigate?
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Chambliss believes we should investigate 'state-organised crime' as well as crimes of capitalism.
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How do Green and Ward define state crime? Give examples.
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State crime = 'illegal or deviant activities perpetrated by state agencies'. Includes all forms of crime, committed by or on behalf of states and governments in order to further their policies. eg. Genocide, war, crimes, torture, imprisonment w/out trial and assassinations. (Green and Ward)
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According to Green and Ward, what does state crime NOT include?
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State crime does not include acts that merely benefit individuals who work for the state, eg. police officer who accepts a bribe.
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What four categories of state crime are there, according to McLaughlin (2001)?
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1. Political crimes, eg. corruption and censorship.
2. Crimes by security and police forces, eg. genocised, toruture and disappearances of dissidents 3. Economic crimes, eg. official violations of health and safety laws 4. Social and cultural crimes, eg. institutional crimes |
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What 2 reasons makes state crime one of the most serious forms of crime?
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1. The scale of state crime
2. The state is the source of law |
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The power of the state enables it to commit extremely large scale scrimes with widespread victimisation. Give an example.
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In cambodia, between 1975-8, the Khmer Rouge government of Pol Pot is believed to have killed 2 million people, 1/5 of the country's population.
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Michalowski and Kramer say what?
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Michalowski and Kramer: 'great power and great crimes are inseparable'.
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What does the state's monopoly of violence means? What does the state's power mean?
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The state's monopoly of violence means there is potential to inflict massive harm, while its power means it is well placed to conceal its crimes or evade punishment for them.
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What does the media attention focus on?
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Media attention often focuses on sate crimes committed by Third World dictatorships such a Pol Pot - democratic states such as Britain and USA have been guilty of crimes, such as the military use of torture in Iraq, Nothern Ireland and elsewhere, however.
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Define the principle of national sovereignty.
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The principle of sovereignty - states are the supreme authority within their own borders.
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What problems does national sovereignty pose?
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It makes it difficult for external authorities (such as the United nations) to intervene. This is dspite the existence of international conventions and laws against acts such as genocide, war crimes and racial descrimination.
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Why does state crime undermine the system of justice? Give an example.
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State crime undermines the system of justice as its power to make the law also means that is can avoid defining its own harmful actions as criminal. eg. In Nazi Germany, the state created laws permitting it to sterilise disabled people against their will.
State control of the criminal justice system also means that it can persecute its enemies. |
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One approach to the study of state crime is through human rights. There is no single agreed list of what constitutes human rights. However, most definitions include what?
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-Natural rights: people are regarded of having these by virtue of existing, such as rights to life, liberty and free speech
-Civil rights: such as the right to vote, to privacy, to a fair trial, to education |
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What is a right? Give an example.
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A right is an entitlement to something - it acts as a protection against the power of the state over an individual. eg. The right to a fair trial means that the state may not imprison a person w.out due process of the law.
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