PLUMBING Review

A vertieal piping arrangement for drainage and venting in which small diameter trap arnlS are placed above larger diameter trap arms. The vertical pipe is the drain for the fixtures, and is also the vent for the connected fixtures.

The effect that accompanies a flowing fluid being forced to move through a sudden reduction in line size. Fluid velocity must increase, and has the accompanying characteristic of pressure reduction.

Drainage pipes that collect waste from fixtures used for human waste, such as urinals or water closets (toilets).

Drainage pipes that collect waste from fixtures not used for human waste.

At concentrations as low as 0.02% (point zero two percent) in air, hydrogen sulphide can cause unconsciousness in minutes.

Gases Hydrogen Sulphide Methane Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen Gasoline Vapours Explosive Odour Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Heavier than Air Yes No Same as air Yes Same as air Yes Effects Deadly poison Asphyxiant Deadly poison Asphyxiant Asphyxiant Asphyxiant

should move at a speed ofapproximately 2 feet (600 mm) per second . Ideally flow rates should keep a drainage pipe from 1/3 to 1/2 full during flow.

Any vertical soil, waste or vent piping that passes through a minimum of one complete storey. This does not include vertical fixture drains and branch vents that do not pass through a complete storey before being connected to another drainage pipe or vent pipe.

Connections to a soil or waste stack may be made using drainage fittings with trade names such as sanitary tees, TYs or Ys. Sanitary tees have a short radius to the horizontal branch and TYs have a longer radius to the branch than a sanitary tee. A Y fitting has a branch that is at a 45-degree angle to the main run of the drainagc fitting. All of these fittings direct the flow of drainage water from a branch or fixture drain downward into a stack, which allows the stack to accept the increased flow and blend it with flows from upper floors.

Water falling in a stack is approximately 10 to 15 feet per second.

Is considered to be within approximately 10 to 15 feet of the stack water entry point.

Trap arms are drainage pipes that connect fixture traps to vertical or horizontal drainage pipes. These pipes have both minimum and maximum lengths as well as minimum grades to which they may be installed in order to avoid problems with trap seal loss and poor gravity drainage characteristics. Most trap arms must have a minimum length that is two times the diameter of drainage piping installed, while the size of drainage piping installed is based on the outlet size of the fixture trap. An exception to this rule is a 3-inch or larger floor drain P trap, tied to a building drain, a situation in which the trap arm length must be a minimum of 18 inches 01'450 mm.