Nutrition*1010

Energy yielding nutrients (gives us energy) the amount of energy they provide is measured in Kilo-Calories (kcal)

Carbohydrates (4 kcal of energy/gram), fat (9 kcal of energy/gram) and protein (4 kcal of energy/gram)

Made of protein molecules, helpful for several chemical digestions. Different enzymes are needed for different parts of digestion.

A moist ball of food

Waves of muscle move the food, inner circular muscles, outer length (wise muscles), peristalsis starts in the esophagus and continues all the way through your GI tract

Area with higher concentration moves into area with lower concentration (water gets absorbed this way aka osmosis)

Is the process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport)

Energy needs to be released in order for this to happen

3 phosphate groups, and is basically the energy currency of what our body uses.

-Based on Solid Evidence-Meets the needs of 50% of the population-Not a good goal for individuals-Took for generally assessing the diet of the population

-Will meet the requirements of close to 90% of the population-A goal for individuals – NOT POPULATIONS because it’s so specific

-For some nutrients there isn’t enough evidence to set an EAR and RDA so then the AI is used-AI – The average intake of a healthy population-A goal for individuals if an RDA doesn’t exist

-UL = the highest average daily nutrient intake level that poses an unlikely risk of adverse health effects. (The MAXIMUM you can take without having side effects)-Refers to supplement consumption-Used to ASSESS risk of adverse effects in individuals and populations(NOT A GOAL)-Eating polar bear liver has enough Vitamin A to kill you

Part conscious, part unconscious (uses your tongue). Passes Pharynx, which is also the passage to your lungs. Epiglottis blocks airway when you eat so no food goes into your lungs.