Nutrition Lecture # 3

Organic substances needed for normal metabolism, growth, and maintenance.

Needed small amounts

Not sources of energy

C, B complex: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Naicin,Vitamin B 6,
Vitamin B 12, Folic acid, Biotin, Pantothenic acid, Choline

Generally not stored in the body and need to be included in the diet on a daily basis.

A,D,E,K

Stored in body fat and can reach toxic levels

Are missing a critical molecule and will rob a molecule which can damage the DNA of that molecule and can cause the cell to mutate and become diseased.

Counteracted by antioxidants

Antioxidant

Necessary for vision, cell replication

Supports immune system

Def: night blindness,xerophthalmia, fetal malformation

Yellow to orange coloring of skin caused by high levels of Vitamin A

Helps body absorp Calcium

Improve immune functions

Stimulates kidney to return Ca to blood stream

Most toxic of all vitamins when blood levels are high

Vitamin D deficiency in adults leading to soft bones, fractures and widespread bone pain

VItamin D deficiency in children

Symptoms include soft bones, bow legs, knock knees

15-20 minutes of sunlight daily
fortified milk
sardines
salmon
cod liver oil

Antioxidant

Reduces incidence of cataracts

Protects blood cells

Needs to be stopped before surgeries

May protect against cancers and heart disease

Needed for blood clotting, regulating Ca levels, contraindicated supplement when taking Coumadin

Administered to infants as AquaMephyton

Dissolve in water

Cooking by boiling easily destroys these vitamins

Aids with collagen formation/Antioxidant

Minimizes free radicals

Def: Scurvy

Absorption can be blocked by alcohol, aspirin, birth control pills, cortisone and estrogen

Essential to provide the body with glucose

Promotes appetite

Def: BeriBeri