Nutrition Chapter 1: Intro to Nutrition

The science that studies food and how food nourishes our bodies and influences our health
-relatively new discipline

A multi-dimensional process that includes physical activity and occupational, social, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual health

A diet that lacks energy or specific essential nutrients

Nutrients that must come from food or nutrient supplements because they are not manufactured by the body at all or not in amounts sufficient to meet the bodies needs

}Three required characteristics 1.It’s omission from the diet à ê in certain biological functions 2.Restored to the diet à biological functions regain normal function 3.Specific functions of the nutrient must be identified

A diet that has an imbalance of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins or simply too much energy

}Poor diet + physical inactivity = >400,000 deaths per year }Obesity is the 2nd leading cause of preventable death in NA }In the US, 60% of adults are overweight or obese }300 million people world wide are obese & 750 million more are overweightIn Children:}Obesity is now considered a global epidemic ◦22 million of the world’s children under 5 are overweight or obese ◦In some parts of Africa, fatness & obesity afflict more children than malnutrition (up to 4X as many) ◦In some countries more than 30% of the children are obese ◦In Egypt more than 25% of 4 yr olds are fat

Any condition associated with undernutrition or overnutrition

Chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function; there are six classes: carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

A substance or nutrient that contains the element carbon (carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins)

A stubstance or nutrient that does not contain the lement carbon (minerals and water)

Nutrients that our bodies need in relatively large amounts to support normal function and health. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients

The capacity to do work

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water 2 (?) degrees celcius. (1kcal = 4.2kJ)

The primary fuel source for our bodies, particularly our brain and for physical excercise. (composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen)

An important energy source for our bodies at rest and during low-intensity exercise; composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; foods containing lipids also provide fat-soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids.

The only macronutrient that contains nitrogen; the basic building blocks of proteins are amino acids (same as above plus nitrogen. may also contain sulphur) used in growth, repair and maintenance.