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Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
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What is Nutrition?
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The science that studies the interactions between living organisms and food.
-Focuses on supporting wellness and preventing chronic disease |
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Six Classes of Nutrients
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Energy Producing (Organic)
-Carbohydrates -Lipids -Proteins Non-Energy Producing (Inorganic) -Vitamins -Minerals -Water |
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Macronutrients
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-Nutrients needed in large amounts
-Carbohydrates (sugars, starches, and fibers) -Lipids (fats) -Protein (thousands of different proteins in the body, all made up of units called amino acids -Water |
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Micronutrients
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Needed in smaller amounts
-Vitamins (small organic molecules) -Minerals (inorganic elements) |
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Nutrient Functions
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-Supply Energy (Carbs, lipids, proteins)
-Supply Structural materials (proteins, lipids, minerals, water) -Regulate Cellular Processes (proteins, vitamins, water) |
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Carbohydrates
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-Primary source of fuel for the body, especially the brain
-4 kcal/gram -Found in grains, vegetables, fruits and legumes |
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Fats and Oils
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-Composed of lipids (molecules insoluble in water)
- 9 kcal/gram -Important energy source during rest and low-intesity exercise -Source of fat-solube vitamins and essential fatty acids |
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Proteins
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-Chains of amino acids
- 4 kcal/gram - Not a primary source of energy - Important source of nitrogen |
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Vitamins
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-Organic molecules that assist in regulating body processes
-Fat solube (Vitamins A, D, E, and K); can be easily stored in the body -Water Soluble (Vitamin C and B vitamins) |
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Minerals
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-Inorganic substances required for body processes
-Have many different functions: -fluid regulation, bone structure, muscle movement, nerve functioning |
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Major vs. Trace Minerals
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Major
We require at least 100mg/day of these: Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl Trace -Require less than 100mg/day -Includes: Fe, Zn, Cu, I, and Fl |
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Water
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-Critical nutrient for health and survival
-Involved in many body processes: -Fluid balance, nerve impulses, muscle contractions, nutrient transport, removal of wastes, chemical reactions |
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Phytochemical vs. Zoochemical
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Phytochemical - health-promoting substance found in plant food
Zoochemical- health-promoting substance found in animal foods |
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Food Energy
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-Measured in kilocalories
- 1 kilocalorie = 1000 calories - 3500 kilocalories = 1 lb of body fat |
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A Healthful Diet is..
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-Adequate = provides enough energy, nutrients, vitamins and minerals
-Moderate = Contains the right amounts of foods for maintaining proper weight -Balanced = contains the right combinations of foods to provide the proper balance of nutrients -Varied= not based on only one or a few types of foods |
