Immunopathology

Mediated by cells in inflammatory response; don't need to be primed; doesn't require previous exposure; doesn't discriminate among antigens (go after anything causing cell injury)

Is specific to the antigen; requires sensitizing exposure; response is magnified by subsequent exposures

Primary directors of immune system; recognize and react to antigens

Lymphocytes; recognize specific antigens (cause inflammatory and cytotoxic response; at maturity reside in blood and lymphatics)

Lymphocytes; in bone marrow; dependent on T cells, actually produce the antibodies; primarily in resting state awaiting activation; leads to proliferation; added proliferation due to interleukins from macrophages and T cells; macrophages act as sanitation workers

Immunological mediated tissue damage; immediate, anaphylaxis (immediate response to something body considers toxic)localized or general is immediate-previous exposure required-skin hives; sneezing and conjunctivitis; anaphylacitc syndrome (bronchial constriction, airway obstruction, circulatory collapse)-antibodies, histamine release (bronchospasm, vascular congestion, edema), prostaglandins

Antibodies; attack cell surfaces and CT; Myasthenia Gravis, Grave's disease

form against antigen circulating or present in tissue; oxygen radicals; glomerulus, skin, lung, synovium; autoimmune disease of connective tissue (systemic lupus erythematosis, RA, vasculitis

Not an antibody-mediate response; handled by macrophages and T cells; delayed type hypersensitivity (tissue response to subcutaneous injection within 24-48 hrs (poison ivy, TB skin test)

Within minutes to hours, fever, pain at graft sitevascular congestion, thrombosis, interstitial edemawatch critically first few hoursdon't want immune system to reject cells/organcan happen w/ blood transfusion (incr. tendency for thrombosis)steroids

First few weeks or months; fever and graft tenderness; interstitial edema, necrosis, thrombosis, arteritis; pain w/ palpation is clue (local); clotting around graft site

Several months to several years later; arterial and arteriolar thickening --> stenosis, obstruction; interstitial fibrosis

Immunocompetent lymphyocytes in graft reject host (thing of past w/ stem cell research)-skin rash, diarrhea, anemia, cramps, liver dysfunction

Tissue or organ that is transplanted from one part to another part of same body-opt for if possible

A homograft between genetically identical or nearly identical individuals-op for if possible