Human Nutrition Midterm I

The science of foods and the nutrients and other components therein, their action and interaction with each other. Also the ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, utilization, excretion and storage of nutrients. Nutrition sometimes includes production and preparation of food.

The sum of all the physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism. All the energy and material transformations that occur within a cell.

Study of individuals with a disease or illness. Treatments and apparent effects are observed. Requires untreated subjects for comparison. Could point the way to further research.

Studies of whole population groups in different parts of the world to determine disease frequency and distribution.

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Actively intervening to alter some aspect of the population such as a change in diet. Usually there is an experimental group and a control group.

Study using animals, tissues. or cells to pinpoint mechanism by which a substance (nutrient) acts within the body. Deficiencies can be induced and various treatments tried.

The capacity of a system to do work. Energy may be motion, position, light, heat, ionizing radiation, or sound. Changes in energy may be chemical, physical or both.

Amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of liter of water one degree Celsius

Addition of nutrients to a food.

Any product intended for ingestion as a supplement to the diet. Including vitamins, minerals, herbs, botanicals and other plant-derived substances; amino acids and concentrates, metabolites, constituents and extracts of these substances.

A substance that contains the element carbon. Four of the 6 classes of nutrients contain carbon. These substances are almost always derived from living things.

A substance that does not contain the element carbon. Water and minerals are examples of inorganic nutrients.

The feeling of fullness or satisfaction conveyed by a food or meal.

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