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The idea that an external object (a stimulus) can bring about an involuntary response.
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Reflex action theory
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The question of the distinction between mental and physical qualities
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Mind body problem
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The threshold at which two points of stimulation can be distinguished as such
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Two point threshold
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Examination of one's mind to inspect and report on personal thoughts or feelings
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Introspection
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The intellectual and cultural climate or spirit of the times
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Zeitgeist
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The process by which mental elements are organized
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Apperception
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The doctrine that considers the facts of the universe to be sufficiently explained in physical terms by the existence and nature of matter
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Materialism
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Stumpf's introspective method that examined experience as it occurred and did not try to reduce experience to elementary components.
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Phenomenology
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An approach to knowledge based on an unbiased description of immediate experience as it occurs, not analyzed or reduced to elements
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Phenomenology
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The pursuit of knowledge through the observation of nature and the attribution of all knowledge to experience
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Empiricism
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The notion that knowledge results from linking or association simple ideas to form complex ideas
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Association
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The doctrine that all knowledge is a function of mental phenomena and dependent on the perceiving or experiencing person
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Mentalism
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The point of sensitivity at which the least amount of change in a stimulus gives rise to a change in sensation
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Differential threshold
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Babbage's calculator that imitated human mental actions
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The difference engine
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The smallest difference that can be detected between two physical stimuli
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The just noticeable difference
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