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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
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What are the major elements in proteins?
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Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur
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What are the major elements in nucleic acids?
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Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous
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What are the major functional categories of proteins?
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Enzymes, transport, storage, membranes, movement, signaling (incl. antibodies and neurotransmitters), and connective tissue.
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What type of reaction occurs when two amino acids attach? What is the byproduct?
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Dehydration synthesis; water.
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What is the general chemical formula of all fatty acids?
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CH3(CH2)nCOOH where n is an even number between 12 and 24.
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What are glycerides? What are they made of?
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They are esters composed of glycerol (CH 2 (OH)CH(OH)CH 2 (OH)) plus three fatty acid chains.
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What is emulsification (in regard to phospholipids)?
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Basically, how detergents work; amphipathic (hydrophobic + hydrophilic) lipids surround a fat droplet and break it in to smaller particles.
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What lipid steroid is commonly found in cell membranes?
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Cholesterol
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What are the main structural constituents of a steroid?
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Three fused six-membered rings and one five-membered ring.
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What kind of bonds join carbohydrates? What are the two types?
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Glycosidic bonds, which bridge from one sugar to another with an oxygen in between.
Alpha linkage = kinks (ex. glycogen and starch)Wh Beta linkage = straight chain (ex: cellulose) |
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What are the three main structural components of nucleic acids?
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A 2-or-3-ring nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
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What is the net reaction of glycolysis?
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Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+ ----> 2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2H2O
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What are the three ways pyruvate can be reduced under anaerobic conditions?
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Fermentation, alcohol fermentation, and lactic acid fermentation.
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What is the net gain of ATP in each of the three main stages of eukaryotic ATP production?
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+6 from glycolysis, +6 from pyruvate decarboxylation, +24 from the citric acid cycle.
Total: +36 |
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What is the overall net reaction of photosynthesis?
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6CO2 + 12H2O + light ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
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