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Cards In This Set
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Major Fluid Compartments
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- Intracellular: Within cell- Extracellular: Intravascular: in blood vessels Interstitial: surround the cell (ECF) Transcellular: w/i specialized cavities (CSF, synovial, pleural)
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Electrolytes w/i Compartments
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ICF: Potassium, Phosphate and Magnesium
ECF: Sodium, Chloride |
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3 Transport Mechanisms
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Diffusion: natural movement of solutes- high to low concentrationFacilitated Diffusion: carrier substance to aid movement through a membrane (ex. glucose/ insulin)Osmosis: water across semi-permeable membrane- low to high concentration
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Differences in Infant, Child, Adult:TBW and ICF vs ECF
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-Infants have proportionally more water in ECF space than adults-ECF more vulnerable to depletion-TBW about 60% in adults and 80% in infant - By 2 yo TBW about same as adult
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Differences in Infant, Child, Adult:Body Surface Area
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-infant's BSA 2-3 times greater than adult (based on weight)-infant looses larger amts of fluid through skin
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Differences in Infant, Child, Adult:Metabolic Rate
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-Infant has increased production of metabolic waste-Infant's metabolic rate significantly higher than adult's
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Differences in Infant, Child, Adult:Kidney Funct
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Infant's kidneys are immature resulting in:-lower ability to concentrate urine-lower ability to dilute urine-decr. ability to conserve or excrete sodium*** puts infant at greater risk when imbalance occurs
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Acid/ Base Regulation
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Acids- donate hydrogen ionsBases-accept hydrogen ionspH- measurement of hydrogen ion concentration (relationship between base and acid)
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Ranges:pH, PCO2, HCO3
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PH: 7.35-7.45PCO2: 35-45HCO3: 22.26
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Resp. Acidosis
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PH less than 7.35PCO2 greater than 45HCO3 = or incCompensatory Mechanism inc in HCO3
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Resp Alkalosis
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PH greater than 7.45PCO2 Less than 35HCO3 = or decrCompensatory Mechanism decr HCO3
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Metabolic Acidosis
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PH less than 7.35PCO2 = or less thanHCO3 less than 22Compensatory Mechanism inc RR
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Metabolic Alkalosis
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PH greater than 7.45PCO2 = or greaterHCO3 greater than 26Compensatory Mechanism decr RR
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Types of Dehydration:ISOTONIC
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-primary type in children-equal amts of water and sodium loss (no electrolyte imbalance)-major fluid loss from ECF-Plasma sodium between 130-150 (WNL)-Causes: vomiting, diarrhea, burns, hemorrhage
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Types of Dehydration:HYPOTONIC
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-more sodium loss than water loss-Hyponatremia (Sodium < 130)-Fluid moves from ECF to ICF-Further depletes ECF -Affects LOC due to swelling of brain cells-caused by excessive adm. of dilute fluids
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