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Acute stress disorder (ASD)
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DSM-5 disorder in which a person experiences PTSD-like symptoms for between three days and one month after the traumatic event.
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Acute stress reaction
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ICD-10 disorder in which a person experiences PTSD-like symptoms lasting between a few minutes and three days following a traumatic event; included in ICD-11 but not considered a disorder.
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Adjustment disorders
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DSM-5, ICD-10, and ICD-11 diagnoses used to identify emotional reactions to ongoing stressors; milder than most other disorders and often used as catch-all categories for people facing continuing life stress who don’t qualify for another mental disorder.
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Amnesia
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Memory gaps; sometimes occur in dissociation.
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Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
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Responsible for regulating automatic biological functions affected by prolonged stress—such as heart rate, blood pressure, and emotional arousal.
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Bereavement
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The situation of having recently lost a significant person through death.
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Bilateral stimulation
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Component of EMDR that involves rhythmically exposing people to alternating stimulation on their left and right sides.
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Cognitive processing therapy (CPT)
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Specific cognitive therapy for PTSD that combines exposure therapy with a more primary focus on having clients examine and revise their cognitions about the traumatic event.
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Cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy (CBCT)
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15-session manualized PTSD treatment for couples and families in which cognitive therapy techniques are used to teach conflict management.
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Complex PTSD
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ICD-11 diagnosis for PTSD patients who have (a) difficulties managing emotions; (b) negative beliefs about themselves as worthless; and (c) trouble maintaining relationships.
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Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)
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An extended single-session post-trauma intervention during which trauma victims are asked to recall the event in vivid detail shortly after it occurs; controversial because some research suggests CISD can be harmful.
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Cultural adaptations
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Modifying empirically supported treatments to account for cultural differences.
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Decathexis
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Psychoanalytic term that describing the process by which psychic energy is divested from an object.
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Depersonalization
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Form of dissociation characterized by disconnecting from one’s self and one’s emotions; the self seems unreal or changed.
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Derealization
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Form of dissociation characterized by disconnecting from one’s surroundings; the world seems remote, altered, or unreal.
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