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Adapted to flee famine hypothesis
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Evolutionary theory that claims anorexia evolved to assist those facing famine; anorexic symptoms of feeling energetic and restless while remaining in denial about weight loss encourages migration to new locations in search for food.
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Amenorrhea
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Loss of menstruation in females; often occurs in cases of anorexia as a result of malnutrition.
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Anorexia nervosa
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DSM-5, ICD-10, and ICD-11 disorder involving seriously low body weight due to restricted food intake.
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Anterior insula
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Brain region that links a variety of brain areas important in regulating autonomic activities such as hunger; activity in the anterior insular has been correlated with feelings of disgust in anorexics.
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Atypical anorexia nervosa
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Diagnosed in cases where significant weight loss doesn’t occur but the person meets all other criteria for anorexia; diagnosed in DSM-5 using the other specified feeding or eating disorder category.
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Atypical bulimia nervosa
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Diagnosed in cases when bingeing and compensatory behaviors don’t occur often enough for a bulimia nervosa diagnosis (they occur less than once a week and for fewer than 3 months); diagnosed in DSM-5 using the other specified feeding or eating disorder category.
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Aversion therapy
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Behavior therapy in which undesired behaviors are associated with something unpleasant to decrease these behaviors.
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Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
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DSM-5 and ICD-11 disorder characterized by extremely picky eating and a failure to eat enough to meet basic nutritional needs.
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Binge eating
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Form of overeating in which a person eats a huge amount of food in a single sitting—much more than most people would eat during a comparable period of time.
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Binge-eating disorder (BED)
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DSM-5 and ICD-11 disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating.
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Body mass index (BMI)
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A weight by height index used to measure whether people are underweight, normal, or overweight.
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Bulimia nervosa
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DSM-5, ICD-10, and ICD-11 disorder characterized by binge-eating followed by compensatory behavior.
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Cognitive fusion
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Concept from acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in which people mistake their private thoughts for absolute truths, fusing with these thoughts in ways that cause emotional pain and interfere with their ability to interpret things in alternative ways.
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Compensatory behavior
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Behavior a person engages in to counteract having binged; includes purging, fasting, and excessive exercise.
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Cultural relativism
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Perspective that says abnormality is always relative to social norms.
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