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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
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Which species of grapes is used for commercial winemaking?
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Vitis vinifera
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Where did vitis vinifera vines develop originally?
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Caucasus Mountains region between Europe and Asia. (Now the country of Georgia between Russia and Turkey)
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What is the general term for grape vine subspecies?
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Grape varieties.
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What is the second most important grape species (commercially) after vitis vinifera?
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Vitis Labrusca (from North America). Because its sweet, flavorful grapes (like Concord Grapes) make table grapes and grape juice.
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Why are vitis labrusca grapes not used for making wine?
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They are extremely high in acidity and a distinctive flavor that is pleasant in fresh grapes, but described as "foxy" and undesirable in wine.
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What are Phlloxera?
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An aphid-like insect from North America that ravaged the European vineyards in the 19th century.
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Why is vitis labrusca important to wine today?
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Most grape vines use the trunk or rootstock from vitis labrusca wit the branches or "scion" from vitis vinifera grafted on the trunk to actually grow the grapes. THis makes a phylloxera-resistant plant.
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What is a scion?
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That is the branch part of vitis vinifera that is grafted into the trunk or rootstock of vitis labrusca.
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Define species.
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A scientific grouping of plants or animals that are genetically similar. vinifera and labrusca are separate grapevine species.
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Define variety.
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A variety is a subspecies. In winemaking a "variety" is an identifiable group of vines of the same species that share characteristics of:
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Define clone.
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In commercial viticulture, virtually all grape varieties are propogated via asexual means and are therefore clones or perfect replicas of the parent grape. However, the term is generallyu used to mean grapes that are SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT FROM THEIR PARENT. Differences may come because of surroundings or slight genetic variations..
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How are clones named?
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Generally they are either given a new name or a number.
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What is a mutation?
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A mutation is derived from a vine that has developed different characteristics from its parents or fellow clones through imperfect reproduction of cells as it grows. This is a slow process.
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What is the relationship of Pino Blanc and Pinot Gris?
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They are both believed to be mutations from Pinot Noir. (Mutant strains of Pinot Noir).
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What is a cross or crossing?
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The offspring of a sexual reproduction between different subspecies within the same species. An example is Cabernet Sauvignon which is a cross between Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc.
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