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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
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Bilirubin is the end product of ________
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Heme degradation
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What are the 2 places that bilirubin comes from?
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Majority (70-80%) comes from the degradation of hemoglobin in senescent RBCs, and rest comes from premature destruction of new erythrocytes in teh bone marrow or circulation macrphages in spleen, liver, and marrow
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Bilirubin is hydrophic/hydrophilic and nontoxic/toxic.
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Hydrophobic, toxic.
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In what form is bilirubin found in the blood?
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Tightly bound to albumin
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How is bilirubin metabolized?
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To be elminated, it has to be converted to a water-soluble form, so it is conjugated by the liver (from direct bilirubin- hydrophobic and toxic - to indirect bilirubin - hydrophilic and nontoxic - by UDP-G) so that it can be excreted into bile or by the kidneys.
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What are the 2 main reasons you get gallstones?
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1. Too much cholesterol gets into the bile (overproduction or hypersecretion), making it supersaturated2. Gallbladder dysfunction (hypomotility)
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What are the 6 risk factors for cholesterol gallstones?
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1. Age2. Pregnancy3. Weight loss4. Total parenteral nutrition5. Oral contraceptives6. Octreotide
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How is age a risk factor assoc w/ cholesterol gallstone formation?
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Get older --> increased cholesterol secretion and decreased bile acid synthesis
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How is weight loss a risk factor for choelsterol gallstones formation?
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Cholesterol hypersecretion into bile, reduced bile acid synthesis, and gallbladder hypomotility
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How is total parenteral nutrition a risk factor for cholesterol gallstone formation?
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Decreased cholesterol secretion and gallbladder hypomotility
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How is pregnancy a risk factor for cholesterol gallstone formation?
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Increased cholesterol secretion
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How is octreotide a risk factor for cholesterol gallstone formaiton?
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It causes decreased gallbladder motility (because it's main function is to inhibit gastric hormones, including CCK which sitmulates gallbladder contraction normally)
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What is the normal use of octreotide?
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It mimics somatostatin, so it inhibits the effects of gastric hormones, and it's mainly used for variceal bleeding- it is also a potent vasoconstrictor, so this may stop the VB.
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What are the 3 main components of gallstones?
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Cholesterol, phospholipids, and bile salts
The composition of each of these components helps determine whether gallstones are soluble, crystalized, or frank stones. |
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What is the main function of the gallbladder?
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Store bile
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