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Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
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Color
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Yellow - normal color
colorless - large amount of water in urine smokey red or brown - blood in urine |
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Appearance
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Normal - clear
cloudy, turbid - infection (pus = pyuria) |
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PH
|
Chemical nature of urine
acidic or alkaline 0 = very acidic 14 = very alkaline normal urine is 6.5 infections in bladder urine becomes more alkaline |
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Protein
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Small amounts of protein in urine are normal
urine tests positive for protein = albumin microalbuminuria recognized as early sign of diabetes mellitus |
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Glucose
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Sugar not normally found in urine
if present indicates diabetes mellitus |
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Specific gravity
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Reflects the amounts of wastes minerals and solids in the urine
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Ketone bodies
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Ketones - acetones
accumulate in the blood when body is breaking down fate instead of sugar for fuel ketones in blood is quite dangerous - increase acidity can lead to coma and death |
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Sediment and casts
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Presence of abnormal particles in urine is a sign of pathologic condition
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Phenylketonuria (PKU)
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Substances that accumulate in the urine of infants born lacking the important enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
can lead to mental retardation |
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Bilirubin
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Pigment substance resulting from hemoglobin breakdown
indication of liver or gallbladder disease |
