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 A number of older cows in a Texas herd are losing condition rapidly with a corresponding drop in milk production. Two pregnant animals have aborted. Affected animals are off feed, uncoordinated and out of breath after exertion. On physical exam, affected cows have a rapid bounding pulse and pale mucous membranes. One animal appears icteric with a temperature of 105°F (40.6°C). A blood smear looks like this: What is the most likely diagnosis? A - Theileriosis B - Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae C - Eperythrozoon spp. D - Babesia bigemina E - Anaplasmosis |
E - Anaplasmosis
This clinical picture of anemia, icterus and collapse is that of bovine anaplasmosis, a tick-borne obligate intraerythrocytic bacteria in the order Rickettsiales. Babesiosis has a similar distribution and presentation, but UNlike anaplasmosis, look for hemoglobinuria. Babesia look like little hoops or "pears" inside red cells. Eperythrozoon is a related blood parasite, but Eperythrozoon looks like this, both inside and outside the red cells. Refs: Smith's Large An Med 3rd ed. pp. 1049-55, Pasquini's Guide to Bov Clin, 4th ed. p. 92 and Merck Veterinary Manual online edition. |
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A foal born 12 hours ago is observed swishing its'
tail from side to side, straining with an arched back and rolling on the stall
floor.
What test is indicated to rule in the presumptive diagnosis? A - Ultrasound of umbilicus/urachus B - Succussion of right caudal abdomen C - Digital exam of rectum D - Cystocentesis E - Endoscopy of gastric mucosa |
C -
Digital exam of rectum
Eperythrozoon is a related blood parasite, but Eperythrozoon looks like this, both inside and outside the red cells. Refs: Smith's Large An Med 3rd ed. pp. 1049-55, Pasquini's Guide to Bov Clin, 4th ed. p. 92 and Merck Veterinary Manual online edition. |
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A
commercial pig farm experiences an explosive outbreak of respiratory disease
with high mortality, primarily in young pigs under 6 months of age.
Affected pigs show severe respiratory distress, fever up to 107°F (41.5°C), anorexia, and reluctance to move. Some animals display open-mouth breathing with a blood-stained, frothy nasal and oral discharge. On necropsy, the lungs are bilaterally dark and swollen and ooze bloody fluid from the cut surface. Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis? A - Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae B - Swine influenza C - Haemophilus parahaemolyticus D - Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae E - Fusobacterium necrophorum |
D
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
This is a classic scenario of an outbreak of pleuropneumonia, caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Ref: Jackson and Cockcroft, Handbook of Pig Medicine, 1st ed. pp. 76-7 and the Merck Veterinary Manual online edition. -fa?� :AК`ns-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'> E - Fusobacterium necrophorum |
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Heat pasteurization of milk is done principally to
prevent transmission of which one of the following organisms to people?
A - Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis B - Mycobacterium bovis C - Mycobacterium avium D - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 E - Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
B - Mycobacterium bovis
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 A 4-day-old foal is presented with clinical signs of depression, icterus, head pressing, and disorientation. Serum biochemistry reveals increased levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and unconjugated bilirubin. On further questioning, the owner mentions that he gave the foal an oral nutritional supplement when it was a day old but was not sure what was in it. What could this supplement have contained to cause these clinical signs? A - Vitamin A B - Vitamin E C - Selenium D - Iron E - Copper |
D. Iron
Neonatal foals given oral iron supplements at birth can develop toxic injury to their liver and subsequent hepatic encephalopathy. Foals are born with a high serum iron level and absorb iron more readily than adult horses. Refs: Smith, Large Animal Internal Medicine, 4th ed., p. 1711 and the Merck Veterinary Manual online edition. |
