World History - Chapter 5

The Enlightenment & the American Revolution (1707 to 1800)

32 cards   |   Total Attempts: 188
  

Cards In This Set

Front Back
Laws that govern human nature
Natural Law
An agreement in which people give up the state of nature for an organized society
Social Contract
"Lovers of wisdom"; thinkers who believed the use of reason could reform government
Philosophe
Attacked corrupt government, inequality, & slave trade; supported freedom of speech & religion
Voltaire (Fancois-Marie Aroute)
Edited Encyclopedia; sounght to change thinking on religion, philosophy, & government
Diderot
Wrote The Social Contract; advocated the will of the majority for the common good; people were good; popular sovereignty
Rousseau
Wrote The Spirit of the Laws; introduces ideas of separation of powers & checks & balances
Montesquieu
Presented the ideas that people have natural rights & government has the obligation to those it governs; life, liberty, & property
Locke
Started in Paris in the 1600s; informal social gatherings in which authors & philosophes exchanged ideas
Salons
Grand, complex style
Baroque
Imposed by government & chuch authorities to protect against Enlightenment ideas
Censorship
6-year-old prodigy; composer
Mozart
Russian ruler; read works of philosophes; wrote letters to Diderot & Voltaire; expanded empire; granted nobles a charter of rights & criticized serfdom
Catherine the Great
Prussian Ruler; "first servant of the state"; admired Voltaire's work; had swamps drained & forced peasants to grow new crops; "everyone can go to heaven in his own fashion"
Frederick the Great
Absolute rulers who used their power to bring about political & social change
Enlightened Despots