Western Civ. Exam 1

Who? Political philosopherWhat? Part of The Glorious Revolution. Wrote Second Treatise of Civil GovernmentWhen? Wrote in 1690Where? EnglandWhy? Believed that the role of government was to protect the people and that government had become a Tyranny. Wanted representative government.

Who? Political philosopherWhat? Wrote Leviathan in support of sovereign absolutismWhen? 1650s-1670sWhere? EnglandWhy? Believed the royals were divinely appointed

Who? Holy Roman EmperorWhat? Strove to bring about economic and social reforms. When? Late 1700sWhere? Hapsburg EmpireWhy? He was a big proponent of the enlightened absolutism idea.

-- Ruler of Russia-- Loved by the philosophes-- Believed in absolute monarchy with enlightened principles-- Reorganized local government-- Partition of Poland and Russo-Turkish War

-- Leader of Prussia-- Fought to save Prussia from Britain and France-- MId 1700's-- Began the Seven Years War-- Lobbied for social, economic and religious reform

-- Russian ruler-- Great Northern War which gave Sweden's power to Russia-- Increased technology and trade-- Early 1700's

-- A series of peace treaties-- Limited emperor's authority and made authority more localized
-- Ended Thirty Years' War and Eighty Years' War-- Resulted in first modern diplomatic congress

-- Prince of Portugal-- Patron of Portuguese exploration-- Early 1400's-- Discovered new territory for Portugal

-- Sent by emperor of China-- Fleet of 300 ships-- Main goal was to be diplomatic and establish relations with other nations

-- Extremely influential in the French Revolution-- Believed in direct democracy-- Represented left wing thoughts-- Part of the national convention-- Supporter and large influence of the Reign of Terror

-- Wrote The Spirit of the Laws-- Supported and influenced the idea of separation of balance and power-- Believed government should adapt to meet the needs of the people

-- Wrote Customs and the Spirit of the Nations -- Supported freedom of thought and religion-- Believed in an enlightened monarchy-- MId 1700's

-- The overthrowing of James II-- 1688-- Led by William III with English parliamentarians-- They wanted to stop the uprising of the Catholic church due to James' religious tolerance

-- The idea that all the power should lie within the monarchy-- Decreased church's influence-- 1600s-1700s

-- Arose after the Glorious Revolution-- WIlliam and Mary forced to accept the English Bill of Rights-- Limited power of the monarch-- Established parliament as supreme power