VTNE Review

% dehydrated x body weight (kg) x 1000 = volume of replacement fluid (in mL)

Maintenance fluids + fluid deficit + ongoing losses = total daily fluids

Bacterial; Leptospira interrogansZoonoticTransmitted via infected urineAffects the liver and kidneys
Symptoms: fever, hepatic disease, jaundice, renal failure, vomiting/diarrhea, hemoglobinuriaLarge animals - causes infertility, abortion in the middle or late pregnancy, and causes moon blindness in horses

An acute viral encephalomyelitisRhabdovirus
Virus travels via peripheral nerves to the spinal cord to the brain where it replicates and sheds; then it travels to the salivary glands [where it is shed in the saliva]
Symptoms: Anorexia, behavior changes, ataxia, dysphagia, voice change, circling, coma, seizures, paralysis

Malposition of the fetus, uterine torsion, uterine inertia, and hypocalcemia

AKA Hypocalcemia (low amounts of calcium)They appear very weak
Must administer calcium slowly; otherwise, too rapid administration may cause cardiac arrhythmia and arrest

Can be life-threatening and results in a down cow
Tx: IV fluids, anti-inflammatories, antibiotics

Retained placentaMetritisUterine prolapse

Ketosis is common in high producing animals from utilizing body stores of fat to meet increased metabolic needs
Hardware Disease results from a sharp object penetrating through the cow's reticulum and/or the diaphragm and pericardium

Shipping Fever

Respiratory diseaseDiarrheaCan result in abortion and congenital defects

Major agent in initiating BRD
Symptoms result from stress and concurrent bacterial infection of the respiratory tract

Etiology: Allergic and inflammatory response to barn and hay dust
Best treated by management changes and administration of bronchodilators, antihistamines, and anti-inflammatory drugs

Described as gastrointestinal pain
Signs: Stamping feet, kicking at the abdomen, lying down, rolling, sweating, grinding of teethCommon causes: Gas accumulation, obstruction, ulcers, twisted colon, foreign bodies, parasites

Weakness and muscle tremors