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Cards In This Set
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political machine
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An organized group that controlled a political party within a city
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How was the political machine organized and what were the names given to positions within?
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Like a pyramid.
City Boss
Ward Boss
Local precinct workers and captains
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What did the political bosses do for their supporters? (try to list 4)
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1. controlled who got city jobs
2. controlled who got business liscences
3. influenced courts and city agencies
4. helped build city infra-structure (parks, school, hospitals, schools, etc.
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Why did political bosses often help new immigrants?
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1. They could identify with immigrant population
-many were newly immigrated themsevles
- few were educated
-worked their way up from the bottom
-new the challenges of becoming a citizen
(the naturalization process) and helped
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What is fraud?
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presenting false information for personal gain
using fake identities
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What is graft?
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illegal use of political influence for personal gain
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What is a "kick back"?
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giving a portion of ones earnings to the political machine for favors or protection
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Who was "Boss Tweed"?
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powerful city boss of New York City
Tweed Ring Scandal
His group defrauded the city by raising money to build an extravagant county courthouse and most of it ended up in their pockets.
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What was patronage?
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the practice of giving government jobs to people who helped get a candidate elected.
During Andrew Jackson's presidency it was called "the spoils system".
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What is the Civil Service
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It is the government administration and those that work in it
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Why did government reformers at this time believe they needed the Civil Service Act?
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to give jobs to people based on qualifications and merit so as to avoid corruption by city bosses and politicians
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President Rutherford Hayes tried to push through reforms of the Civil Service. Why was he unsuccessful
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1. he fired 2 top New York City custom house officials angering a Republican senator and the political boss.
2. this caused him to lose in his bid for re-election and didn't get the chance
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Who were "Stalwarts"?
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Republicans who opposed the reform of the "spoils system" "patronage"
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What President was assasinated in a Washington D.C. train station because he wouldn't give the assasin a job?
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President Garfield
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What did the Civil Service Act state about appointments to federal jobs?
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that your consideration for the job is to be based on 2 things:
1. your performance
2. an examination
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