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Cards In This Set
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What are the 3 infectious diseases of the urinary tract?
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1. Cystitis = inflammation of the bladder2. Pyelonephritis = kidney inflammation3. Prostatitis = prostate inflammation
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Infectious diseases of the urinary tract are usually acute/chronic and are caused by ________
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Acute.Enteric bacterial flora.
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T/F. Infectious diseases of the urinary tract are sexually transmitted diseases.
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FALSE. They are not STDs by epidemiology or microbiology.
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What are the 3 main population groups that have increased incidence of UTI?
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1. School age girls2. Young women3. Elderly of both sexes
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What is the normal vagina flora?
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> 90% is the Lactobacillus species, a gram + bacillus that produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lactic acid, and bacteriocins
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T/F. Lactobacillus is resistant to antibiotics.
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False. It is killed by many antibiotics, which allows pathogenic bacteria to grow and cause yeast infections in the vagina. It is also diminished by estrogen deficiency.
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What is the route of bacteria in the urinary tract infections?
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Ascent of the urethra and ureters. Pathogenic bacteria migrate from rectum and perineum to the vaginal introitus to the periurethral area.
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What are 2 factors that lead to decreased Lactobacillus in the vagina, and what is the consequence of the decrease?
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1) Abx therapy (ex: for URI)2) Estrogen deficiencyThe consequence is that pathogenic bacteria can better enter the vagina and ascend the urethra and ureters to cause cystitis or pyelonephritis
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What are 4 factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of UTI via the urethra and ureters?
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1. Urethral trauma (sexual intercourse, catheteriation, cytoscopy)2. Urine flow (decreased with volume depletion)3. urethral length (shorter in women)4. Spermicide (toxic to lactobacilli)
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How can urethral trauma lead to UTI?
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Urethral trauma (by sex, catheterization, or cystoscopy) can render the urethra and ureters more susceptible to infection
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How can urine flow lead to UTI?
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In volume depleted states, there is a decrease in urine flow, which means the pathogenic bacteria won't be flushed out as much in their ascent from the urethra to the ureters to the kidneys.
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What anatomical fact about women makes them more susceptible to UTIs?
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The urethra is shorter, bacteria don't have as far to travel, mroe chance of infection
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Why does spermicide lead to inc chances of UTI/
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It kills Lactobacilli.
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What property of the bacteria contributes to its pathogenesis via the ascent of the urethra/ureters?
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Bacterial virulence.
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How does bacterial virulence lead to pathogenesis of UTI via ascent through urethra and ureters?
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Adherence factors interact w/ receptors on uroepithelial cells; E. coli type 1 pilus w/ FimH adhesion, S. saphrophyticus and lipoteichoic acid, tannins from cran and blueberriesK capsular polysaccharides confer resistance to killing by phagocytosis or complement
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