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How are the mitochondria and chloroplasts similar in structure?
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What is a similarity between Gram-negative bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria?
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They all have two membranes
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There is an outer membrane and an inner membrane; what is the function of the outer membrane?
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The outer membrane has porins, which is relatively permeable to ions and small molecules
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What is the function of the inner membrane?
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The inner membrane is the permiability membrane, it has specific proteins that transport specific ions or molecules.
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In what way do mitochondria and chloroplasts differ from Gram-negative(Gram(-)) bacteria?
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Mitochondria and chloroplasts lack the peptidoglycan wall between the inner and outer membranes of Gram(-)bacteria.
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In Mitochondrias what is the inner membrane the site of?
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It is the site of Electron Transport Chains and ATP synthase
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What does the inner membrane of the mitochondria look like structurally?
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It is thrown into folds or projections called cristae(either flat(animals,plants,fungi) or tubular(brown algae,protist groups))
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The matrix of the mitochondria lies within the inner membrane, and what does it constitute?
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It is the cytoplasm of the mitochondria; it contains enzymes for TCA Cycle the mitpochondrial genome, ribosomes, etc.
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What is special about the intermembrane space of the mitochondria?
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It is the compartment where protons are pumped into by the ETC.
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What is the cytoplasm of the chloroplast called?
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It is called the Stroma
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Cholroplasts like photosynthetic bacteria contain thylakoids,which are?
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Thylakoids are flattened membrane vescicles. Thylakoids occur in stacks called grana.
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How do thylakoids arise in the chloroplasts and photosynthetic bacteria?
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They arise as a result of invaginations from the inner membrane
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Where is the genome of chloroplasts located?
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The genome of chloroplasts is located in the stroma
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What structues are located in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast?
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They contain the chlorophyl and other light harvesting pigments of the chloroplast. They also include ATP synthase and ETC.
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What materials are located in the stroma of the chloroplast?
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The enzymes of the calvin cycle, genome, and protein synthesizing system of the chloroplast
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