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Circadian Rhythms
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Biological rhythms that occur approximately every 24 hours.
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Ultradian Rhythms
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Biological rhythms that occur more than once each day.
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Infradian Rhythms
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Biological rhythms that occur once a month or once a season.
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Melatonin
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A hormone that helps regulate daily biological rhythms
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Spindles
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Bursts of brain-wave activity that characterize stage 2 of N-REM sleep.
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Delta Sleep
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Stages 3 and 4 of N-REM sleep, characterized by large, slow delta waves; delta sleep is minimal during the last 4 hours of sleep.
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N-REM Sleep
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The period of sleep in which sleep stages 1 through 4 occur; not characterized by eye movement or vivid dreams.
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REM Sleep
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Rapid eye movement sleep; a reoccuring sleep stage in which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep because muscles are relaxed but the other body systems are active.
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Insomnia
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Recurring problems in falling asleep or staying asleep.
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Somnambulism
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Sleepwalking, which usually starts in the deeper stages of N-REM sleep. The sleepwalker can walk and talk and is able to see but rarely has any memory of the event.
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Night Terrors
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A sleep-related problem characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrifiedl unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 of sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.
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Social Influence Theory
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The theory that powerful social influences can produce a state of hypnosis.
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Divided Consciousness Theory
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The theory that during hypnosis our consciousness - our awareness of ourselves and others - splits, so that one aspect of consciousness is not aware of the role the other parts are playing.
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Hypnotic Induction
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The process in which a hypnotist creates a state of hypnosis in a subject, generally by voicing a series of suggestions.
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Posthypnotic Suggestion
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A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, that the subject will carry out when no longer hypnotized.
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