Unit 3: Physical Geography

1. Jigsaw fit between south America and Africa
2. found fossils of the same plants and animals on both continents
3.the Appalachians in the US, Canada and Caledonian mountains in Northern British isles and Europe. These mountains formed about 300 million years ago when north America collided with Europe and Northern Africa.
4.ice sheets covered parts of Southern Africa, India, Australia, and South America about 250 million years ago. Now these places are so warm today.

Sedimentary (limestone) Metamorphic (igneous), Igneous (granite)

1. Innuition Mountains
2. Hudson bay-arctic lowlands
3.Western Cordillera
4.interior plains
5.Canadian shield
6.great lakes-St. Lawerance lowlands
7. Appalachians

Distance from the equator is a key factor in determining whether a region has a hot climate or a cold one.

An Air mass is a large volume of air that takes on the climate conditions of an area in which it is formed.

Air moves along the surface of the earth from high pressure areas toward low pressure area. This moving areas causes winds.

Over Canada, the prevailing winds blow from west to east called the westerlies, they move air masses that affect our weather.

As air rises it expands causing it to expand it cools. When air is cooled, it eventually reaches a temperature at which it is saturated with water vapor, that is holding as much water as it possibly can at that temperature and air pressure.

Mountain barriers create relief precipitation. As moist air rises up the windward slope of a mountain range, it expands and cools as air cools, the amount of evaporation decreases while the rate of condensation increases.

Temperature range in areas located in the interior of large land masses, far from oceans and far from large lakes is great because there is no large body of water to moderate hot temperatures of summer and the cold temperature of winter (E.g.Winnipeg)

Coastal locations have maritime climates that range between the highest and lowest average monthly temperature is relatively small because of the moderating effect of large body of water.

The level of precipitation is relatively high compared to that of a continental climate because of the proximity of a large body of water.

1. Canada is a very large country, it extends for a great distance from north to south and from east to west.
2. different elevations produce different climate conditions.
3.coastal regions have different climates from inland regions.
4. wind and pressure systems more weather conditions from one part of the country to another.

Topsoil: Rich in organic materials, near surface, dark brown or black in colour.
subsoil: combined mineral and organic layer, lighter brown in colour.
parent material: mineral materials from which soil id made, usually bedrock or glacial deposits.

Occurs in areas with drier climates, instead of a downward, there's an upward movement. As water in the top toil evaporates water from below is drawn up to replace it.

1. they are able to extract nutrients from the poor soil with their long roots.
2.there needles and flexible branches are able to shed snow to prevent damage.
3.their needles are able to conduct photosynthesis on warm days beyond normal growing season.

1. They lose there leaves in the autumn.
2. Dominent in winter, lost their leaves.
3.from warmth of the sun in the spring there buds sprout, and leaves grown.