UNILATERAL UPPER MOTOR NEURON

We have said that to have a significant dysarthria in the UMN system, you need bilateral damage. But in some cases, you can have dysarthria with _________UMN damage.

UUMN dysarthria is a little studied but very ___ problem. It may be the most ____occurring dysarthria. There is considerable ____________ among cases of UUMN dysarthria.

It often occurs with ___________&______________ when the lesion occurs in the left hemisphere. When the lesion is in the right hemisphere it may co-occur with cognitive and other speech deficits (not related to dysarthria). These other symptoms often overwhelm and ___the dysarthric symptoms.

UUMN dysarthria tends to be __ and of ___ duration (this and its being ___ by the other concomitant problems are why __ ___ attention has been given it.) It is usually caused by a ___.

Sometimes the lesion causing UUMN damage may be __ __that it __ show up on neurologic scans. UUMN dysarthria may be the person’s most apparent symptoms of neurologic problems so it can be important for __reasons.

UUMN dysarthria Also there may be some _ and _.

Note that all features noted in the table are contralateral to the side of the lesion. The term “________ refers to weakness caused by central nervous system damage not peripheral nervous system damage. It involves the ___ part of the face.

In UUMN lesions, there is usually a combination of __&__pathway lesions. Typically, ___&___are seen in the limbs that are affected. A ___reflex is seen on the side of the body affected.

___ ____means assuming a stiff, rigid posture – it occurs primarily when the cerebrum is removed.

Etiologies: Anything that damages the UMN system unilaterally. Degenerative, inflammatory, and toxic-metabolic diseases usually produce __ ___ unilateral damage so don’t usually cause UUMN. Some __&__ can cause unilateral damage.

____ is the most common cause of UUMN dysarthria.

Types of strokes that may be involved in UUMN damage: · __or___-– these lead to aphasia and apraxia of speech as well as UUMN damage. · __or___ – these lead to neglect and cognitive problems. · Unilateral strokes in the ___and____ – also may cause UUMN damage. · ___, (small strokes-called __ because they leave little holes/cavities) are the most common cause of UUMN dysarthria when __is the only sign of a stroke.

• Patient complaints of UUMN

Clinical findings: Nonspeech:

(“central”weakness) in both rest and movement – presence of this is good indicator of dysarthria for stroke patients.