+
Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
|
What causes TB?
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
|
What kind of bacteria is Mycobacterium?
|
Acid fast bacilli, obligate aerobes, slow-growing (takes days-weeks to form colonies)
|
|
What distinguishes TB Mycobacterium from Non-TB Mycobacterium?
|
Rate of growth; NTM grow much more rapidly than TB Mycobacterium (takes 3-4 months to develop)
|
|
What are the 2 obligate pathogenic Mycobacteria?
|
1) Mycobacteria tuberculosis2) Mycobacteria leprae
|
|
T/F. All Mycobacteria spp. can be transmitted from person-to-person, and are therefore serious public health threats.
|
FALSE. The only 2 that can be transmitted from person-to-person are Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. All of the rest of the Mycobacteria spp. you get from the soil/water.
|
|
Tuberculin skin test
|
Inject TB underneath skin, if you get a reaction, then you have been previously infected (b/c you already have antibodies built up against the TB)
|
|
BCG vaccine
|
Some countries use this vaccine, but it confounds the results of the tuberculin skin test, so don't like to use it in the U.S.
|
|
What was the first antibiotic used to treat TB?
|
Streptomycin
|
|
T/F. Treating only with Streptomycin is the best way to get rid of TB.
|
FALSE! NEVER USE A SINGLE DRUG TO TX TB!
|
|
What are the main drugs used to Tx TB?
|
1. Rifampin2. Isoniazid3. Pyrazinamide (PZA)4. Ethambutol5. Streptomycin (usually reserved for more resistant strains)
|
|
What 2 major factors contributed to the closing of the sanatoria?
|
1) Outpatient anti-TB therapy2) TB prophylaxis
|
|
What is TB prophylaxis?
|
Treating people around someone with an active infection with Isoniazid, can prevent taht person from getting full TB disease
|
|
T/F. The incidence of TB has been declining constantly since the early 1900s.
|
FALSE. Inicidence started to rise again in 1984; due to AIDS epidemic, homelessness, immigration. AIDS and immunocompromised individuals are much more susceptible to TB infection.
|
|
You need at least ______ drugs to START the treatment of TB.
|
Four
|
|
Why do you need to treat TB with multiple drugs?
|
Because each time someone with TB coughs, they can cough up 1 x 10^9 organisms. The resistance rate is about 1x10^8, so there will be at least 10 resistant organisms in that pool to one drug. So we need to treat with more drugs to completely kill the resistant organisms.
|
