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Cards In This Set
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Stages of second language acquisition
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1. Pre-production; 2. Early production; 3. Speech emergence; 4. Intermediate fluency; 5. Advanced fluency
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Characteristics of 1) Pre-production
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Minimal comprehension--no speaking involved, just nodding, drawing, pointing
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Time frame of 1) Pre-production
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0-6 months
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Teacher prompts in the 1) Pre-production stage
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"Show me... circle the...where is...? who has...?"
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Suggestions for teachers who are working with 1) Pre-production students
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Provide a stress-free environment; provide support/encouragement; avoid asking direct questions
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Effective 1) Pre-production activities
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Face-to-face convos; simple directions; participation in art/music/PE; puzzles/games, manipulatives; picture books; encourage drawing
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Characteristics of 2) Early Production
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Limited comprehension--key words/phrases/present tense verbs
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2) Early Production time frame
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6 months to a year
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Teacher prompts in the 2) Early Production stage
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Yes/no either/or questions, one or two word answers, lists/labels
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Linguistic considerations for students in the 2) Early Production stage
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1 or 2 word responses and chunks of language (words/phrases that they use in certain situations); can say, "I don't understand"; label and categorize
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Cultural experience during 2) Early Production
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Adaptation fatigue
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Suggestions for teachers who have students in the 2) Early Production stage
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Monitor error correction; use list of key terms for previewing; use audiotapes of readings and lectures; use graphic organizers
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Effective 2) Early Production activities
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Low-level questions; retelling a story; picture books with simple texts; simple written responses; copying words/sentences; recipes; oral reading.
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Characteristics of 3) Speech Emergence
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Good comprehensions--simple sentences, grammar/pronunciation errors, misunderstands jokes
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Time frame of 3) Speech Emergence
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1-3 years
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