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Cards In This Set
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When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
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28th June 1919; exactly five years after the death of Franz Ferdinand.
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Which 3 powerful men signed the Treaty and which essential country was excluded from influencing the decisions made? By whom were they accompanied?
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 The BIg Three] Germany was the one excluded yet the most affected by the treaty as the representatives (especially Clemenceau) were very vengative regarding this aspect and wanted to submit Germany into severe suffering; hence the representative (Johannes Bell) for the country were only allowed to signed the petitions made. They were accompanied by their chief advisers and other diplomats [same thing] (~1000 peop.e in total). |
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Where was the Treaty signed? (details)
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 In Paris, at the Versailles Palace. More precisely, in the Hall of mirrors. (Painting by William Orpen) |
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What kind of documents did the other countries that fought in WWI have to sign? Define.
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Treaties. (A written agreement between nations)
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Was the ToV commonly accepted as the solution to establish world peace?
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No. Much people doubted its success due to the harsh decisions made in certain countries (especially Germany) and how the people here were not only in severe despair but furious (Kaiser Wilhelm had to flee the country!). They feared a new global war, it came in 1939... Harold Nicolson is commonly studied regarding this aspect as he was a British advisor and still wrote in his diary "Are we making a good peace? Are we? Are we?"
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Name and briefly explain the four issues that the politicians faced in Paris.
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·Problem 1: The massive destruction caused by the war (especially in french infrastructures) and how could they bbe repaired.·Problem 2: In E Europe and especially Ireland, but also globally, nationalists were more noticeable and stronger than ever; they demanded to break off from their empires.·Problem 3: Communism. This idea had already torn Russia apart in 1917 (February and Bolshevik Rev) and it was rapidly spreading through Europe. The countries here wanted to keep it away from breaking up their empires.·Poblem 4: The 20,000,000 lives that WWI had taken and how a major conflict like this could be prevented.
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Briefly explain USA's President's main ideas.
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1. No more Secret Alliances to be formed. They were the causants of WWI.2. Every nation shall reduce its weapon quantity. Arms Race also caused the war.3. Borders must be re-drawn to please all nationalist groups; they also have the right to self-determination.4. An organisation that will end quarrels must be set; it will be called the League of Nations and it'll include all countries that will talk their problems and solve them peacefully. If 1 country decides to fight against another one, no trading with them, if they persist, they will be slightly punished and if continued; all countries would declare war on them.
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Briefly describe Britain's Prime Minister's ideas.
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1. Every national group in the Austro-Hungarian empire must have the right to rule themselves.2. German's must be made to pay big reparations for the damage they caused in the war (But I secretly fear what could happen if we treat them too harshly).3. Britain must quickly build trade links with other countries (Germany included)4. The British Empire must be kept strong, united and well defended.
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Briefly describe France's Prime Minister's ideas.
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1. Germany must be forced to pay all she needs to recover France.2. Germans must be made to admit total blame for the war.3. Revenge must be taken on Germany for humiliating France in past wars and for making her suffer in this one.4. Germany must be made so weak that she won't dare to oppose France ever again.
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What was the causant of Clemenceau's ambition to destroy Germany?
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The past wars France had lost against her (particularly in 1871 when they took Alsace-Lorraine from them) and the huge damage caused by her and her allies in french territory. (But it was more a revenge-driven ideology.
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List the decisions made in the ToV.
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1. Alsace Lorraine returned to France.2. De-militarisation of the Rhineland (Germany, near river Rhine)3. Let the Saarland (important area for German coal-mining) be run by the LoN and let France have all its coal for 15 years.4. Area of intense Polish inhabitants given to Poland (Polsih corridor now divides Germany)5. Prohibit the Anschluss.6. Germany's army to be reduced to 100,000 men; little navy (6 battleships), no air-force.7. Germany's overseas colonies are to be given to the LoN and would be controlled by France and Britain especially.8. Germany must pay as much as 6,600 million pounds for Reparations.9. Germany must accept full blame for WWI. *Clemenceau got the most out of the treaty.
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List the decisions made in the Treaty of Germain w/ Austria (1919) and the Treaty of Trianon w/ Hungary (1920)
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1. Austria-Hungary is to be split into 2 different nations FOREVER. 2. Two more countries to be created from Austro-Hungarian land: Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia.
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General agreements from the ToV were...
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1. No defeated nations or Russia may join the LoN 2. The LoN must NOT have an army of any sort (this would lead to other nations not taking them seriously and to its collapse in the 1930s.
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