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Cards In This Set
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What is an Absolute Monarch?
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-Kings or Queens who believe that all power within their country rested in their hands
-They do not have to answer to anybody
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What was divine right?
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A king believed that God created the monarchy & he chose him to be king.
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What were Philip II's problems? (6)
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-Inflation caused by rises in population, goods were costing more.
-Too much silver in the market
-Spain kicked out the Muslims & Jews
-Upper class did not pay taxes, only the poor. No middle class
-Had to borrow money from enemies
-Philip declared bankruptcy 3 times
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Which document gave religious toleration to the French Huguenots?
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-The Edict of Nantes
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What was Louis XIV's theme?
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-"I am the state"
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What was Louis XIV's nickname? Why was he called this?
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-"The Sun King"
-He surrounded himself with luxury, he believed all things came from him
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Why did the War of Spanish Succession happen?
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-The throne was promised to Louis XIV's grandson... Balance of power was messed up
-England, Austria, the Netherlands, Portugal and states of Germany & Italy joined together to fight Spain & France
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What document ended the War of Spanish Succession?
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-The Treaty of Utrecht
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What did it state?
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-Louis grandson could be the King of Spain but he couldn't also be the King of France
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What was the "Thirty Years' War?"
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-A conflict over land, religion & power among European countries.
-Started with German Catholic Princes vs. German Lutheran (protestant) Princes
-Very destructive to Europe
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What document ended the "Thirty Years' War"?
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-The Peace of Westphalia
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What did the document do?
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-Weakened the Hapsburg states of Spain & Austria
-France gained German Land, therefore becoming even stronger
-German princes not under the control of the Holy Roman Emperor
-Religious wars ended in Europe
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What are the effects of the "Thirty Years' War"?
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-Germany's population goes from 20 million to 16 million
-Trade & agriculture were destroyed
-Germany's economy is ruined
-Peace of Westphalia
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Who were the land-owning nobles in Russia?
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Boyars
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How did Peter the Great westernize Russia?
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-He brought the church under state control
-He took power away from landowners
-Hired Europeans to train his army in the West's tactics
-Introduced the potato
-Started a newspaper
-Raised the status of women
-Made nobles dress in western fashions
-Moved the capital to the west (St. Petersburg) 25,000-100,000 people died while building the capital
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