T322 Final Exam Telecommunications Networks

Standard suite of protocol used for packet switching across computer networks. The X.25 protocol works at the physical, data link, and network layers

The approach by some computer network protocols to deliver data across a local or long distance connection. Packet switching entitles packaging data in specifically formatted units (packets) that are typically routed from network switches and routers. Each packet has an address which has information about the sending computer and the intended recipient. Using the addresses the network swtiches and routers determin the best way to transfer the packet. It's an alternative to circuit switching, and is more efficient.

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Two network nodes establish a communication channel dedicated for them for the duration of the communication session before they can communicate. The circuit functions as a physical electrical current. For setup and control it is possible for separate signaling from the end node to the network. A subscriber ask an operator for another subscriber whether on the same exchange or not by an interchange and an operator. The end result was a physical electrical connection from both subscribers for the duration of hte call. The copper wire used for hte call cannot be used for otehr calls at the same time, even if hte subscribers were not talking adn the line went silent.

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Same as 2 B+D, but instead 23 B channels multiplexed together.

What ISDN offers


a two-way digital circuit operating at 64 kbps and a single D channel operating at 16kbps. The basic rate interface (BRI)

B channels are used for digital voice and high speed data communication and the D channel is used for signaling and lower speed data communication.

Integrated service digital network, 212 options (unmanageable)


Worldwide network composed of many smaller and private and public networks, all interconnected through common standards and providing a total end-to-end digital capability.


The synthesis of voice and data on an all-digital communication network that carries digitized video and digital facsimile signals, since in digital form, all signals are simply bits. Different services require only different bit rates.

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