Streptococci

Usually caused by group A streptococci. Spread of the infection to deeper tissures can leat to erysipelas and reay require treatment wit systemic antibotics

Is an acute, febrile disease with localized imflammation and redness of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, with is usually seen on the face. oftentimes referred to as St. Anthony's fire.

Caused by lysogenized strains fo group A streptococci that produce erythrogenic toxins. coded for by phage DNA . Can accompany pharyngitis or a streptococcal skin infection. Characterized by fever, a fine red rash disseminated over the entire body and a strawberry tongue. Usually preceded by strep throat symptoms

Can progress to septicemia

Streptococcus pyogenes can cause bacterial pneumonia in those debilitated by the influenza virus

Believed to play a pathogenic role in nnsuppurative sequelae(complications that follow and result from infection by certain bacteria) of streptococcal infections. Initiate hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmune reactions that result in the development of myocarditis, endocarditis, glomerulonephritis, and arthritis.

Known to cause the lysis of host leukocytes and erythrocytes. Responsible for beta-hemolysis.

Helps bacteria to adhere specifically to the throat/pharyngeal epithelium

Fc receptor on the cell wall of S. pyogenes. Antibody will bind to cell wall of the bacteria in reverse fashion. This reversal of the antibody position hinders phagocytosis

Is found only in some strains of S. pyogenes. Capsule is known to inhibit phagocytosis and aids in penetration of tissues by causing epithelial cells to separate. Hyaluronic acid is a normal component of human tissue, and its presence as a microbial capsule may impair/impede recognition of the bacterium by the host immune system.

Pathogenesis of streptococcal disease involves both active/pyogenic/purlent infection (pus forming) and non-suppurative sequelae.

(strep throat) and tonsillitis. Group A streptococci are the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis and tonsillitis.

Characterized by painful swelling of the tonsils, often accompanied by fever and difficulty swallowing.

Often characterized by a red throat (pharynx) with patches of pus. Abdominal pain and headache may occur, mainly in adolescents and adults. Viruses are more often involved in the cause of pharyngitis than bacteria. Usually red weeping eyes, cough, and runny nose are associated with viral pharyngitis. Many infected people have mild or self-limiting symptoms, if any at all.

Infection of the mastoid bone of the skul