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μ
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Mean of the population
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α
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Significance level; the area in which you would reject the null hypothesis
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σ
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Population standard deviation
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Σ
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Summation
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σ2
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The population variance
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β
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Beta: the probability of a Type II error (fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false)
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≤
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Less than or equal to
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≥
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Greater than or equal to
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S
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Estimated population standard deviation
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S2
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Estimated population variance; an unbiased estimate of the population variance
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S
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The sample standard deviation; descriptive of the sample but not used to estimate population standard deviation
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S
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The sample variance; a biased estimator of population variance (generally less)
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N
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Sample size
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N
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Subgroup size
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X
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An individual score
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