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Cards In This Set
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OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
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The investigator observes characteristics
of a subset of the members of one or
more existinging populations.
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CONFOUNDING VARIABLE
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One that is related to both group
membership and the response variable of
interest in a research study
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SELECTION BIAS
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Tendency for samples to differ from the corresponding population as a result of systematic exclusion of some part of the population
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MEASUREMENT/RESPONSE BIAS
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Tendency for samples to differ from the corresponding population because the method of observation tends to produce values that differ from the true value
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NONRESPONSE BIAS
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Tendency for samples to differ from the corresponding population because data are not obtained from all individuals selected for inclusion in the sample
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SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLE
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Sample that is selected from a population in a way that ensure that every different possible sample of the desired size has the same chance of being selected
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SAMPLING FRAME
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List used for selecting a random sample
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STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
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The entire population can be divided into a set of nonoverlapping subgroups. more cost-effective than simple random sampling
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CLUSTER SAMPLING
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Dividing the population of interest into nonoverlapping subgroups
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SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
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Use to view the population of interest as consisting of a list or some other sequential arrangement
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EXPERIMENT
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Planned intervention undertaken to observe the effects of one or more explanatory variables (factors0
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EXTRANEOUS FACTOR
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One that is not of interest in the current study but is thought to affect the response variable
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CONFOUNDING
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Effects on the response variable cannot be distinguished from one another
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RANDOMIZATION
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Random assignment to experimental groups to reduce bias.
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REPLICATION
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Ensuring that there is an adequate number of observations for each experimental condition
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