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Caste system
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A system of stratification (characterized by low social mobility) in which one’s place in the stratification system is determined by birth
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Class consciousness
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The awareness that a class structure exists and the feeling of shared identification with others in one’s class with whom one perceives common life chances
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Culture of poverty
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The argument that poverty is a way of life and, like other cultures, is passed on from generation to generation
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Economic restructuring
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Contemporary transformations in the basic structure of work that are permanently altering the workplace, including the changing composition of the workplace, deindustrialization, the use of enhanced technology, and the development of a global economy
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Educational attainment
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The total years of formal education
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Estate system
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A system of stratification in which the ownership of property and the exercise of power is monopolized by an elite or noble class, that has total control over societal resources
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False consciousness
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The thought resulting from subordinate classes internalizing the view of the dominant class
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Feminization of poverty
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The process whereby a growing proportion of the poor are women and children
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Ideology
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A belief system that tries to explain and justify the status quo
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Income
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The amount of money brought into a household from various sources during a given year (wages, investment income, dividends, etc.)
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Life chances
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The opportunities that people have in common by virtue of belonging to a particular class
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Median income
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The midpoint of all household incomes
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Meritocracy
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A system in which one’s status is based on merit or accomplishments
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Net worth
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The value of one’s financial assets minus debt
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Occupational prestige
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The subjective evaluation people give to jobs as better or worse than others
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