Sociology Exam 1

Especially for functionalism. Refers to specialization of labor over time. As society becomes more complex, we become specialists in one thing, which causes individuals to be more independent

1. A society is a complex system composed of special parts that serve functions. All the elements of a society work together to keep it alive. Emphasizes how society is structured to maintain stability; emphasizes consent and cooperation. A major weakness is that it does not address power differential, inequality, or social change. Believes that truly “dysfunctional” parts of society will gradually cease to exist.

1. Addresses some deficiencies of structural functionalism by viewing the structure of society as a source of inequality, which benefits some groups at the expense of others. It emphasizes power differentials, dominance and inequality. A major weakness is that it lacks any strong explanation of social harmony and cohesion. Believes that change is inevitable.

1. Attempts to understand society and social structure through by examining the day-to-day interactions of people. It has a particular focus on language, gestures and symbols and assigns meaning to situations. A major weakness is that is has to be taken to the macro level to see the connection to larger social institutions. “What one believes to be real is their reality, and actions and reaction are based on that reality”.

Small, micro level. people whom directly interact over long periods of time. (family, group of friends)

Bigger than a primary group. Also doesn't have the same focus. Is made of people who interact for purposes for a short amount of time. (classes)

A large, complex network of positions created for a specific purpose and characterized by a hierarchal division of labor

Integrated set of social norms organized around the preservation of a basic societal value. Ex: education, family, politics

Social position we acquire at birth or enter involuntarily later in life (race, sex, origin)

Social status we enter voluntarily through our own efforts (student, spouse, teacher)

A role is what you have to do as part of your status

If your status is a parent, your role is what you're expected to do

Obvious consequences of activities designed to help some part of the social system

Unintended consequences that unintentionally help the system

Social structures are related and interact with one another. If the economy fails, the rest of the social institutions will be affected