Sociology: Challenges of Development

Colonial Division of labor
unequal ecological exhangeIdeas of progress and social engineeringDevelopment Subjectivity

progress-rational systems needed for things to work---people have to changehave to have Indians running things at local level (native administration) they have to be trained to new administration system

needed raw materials for manufacturing, colonized other countries---also a market to sell products

Colonized begin to believe they are backward and accepts what they are told to do

Language, infrastructure, some locals get power

Independent sovereign countries economic policies of growth agrarian reforms: agro industrialism and productivism international aid

all countries on ladder (categorized 3 worlds for first time)

development follows with underdevelopment

Look at core countries and periphery and sees that periphery cannot benefit from rules of core

Import substitution industrialization is a trade and economic policy based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products

Landlocked, small populations, conflict over resources between ethnic groups

Marshall Plan Bretton Woods Non aligned movementCold war- battled fought in “third world”

Creation of the World Bank and IMF—intention to reconstruct after the warStabalize national economies, revitalize treadeSupport Natl growth by funding 3rd world imports of 1st world technologiesExpand 3^rd world primary exports

Biggest share holders are wealthy countries Pres of WB selected by US, pres of IMF selected by EuropeWB only finances projects that are capital intensive Did not fund literacy, poverty reduction etc IMF conditionality creates problems for local economies (argentina collapsed under pressure from WB/IMF loans)

Brazil Singapore Mexico HongKong South Korea Taiwan