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Sociological Imagination
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C. Wright Mills
An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society. The ability to view one's society as an outsider would |
Double Consciousness
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W.E.B. Du Bois
Division of individual's identity into two or more social roles |
Functionalist Perspective
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Emphasizes the way parts of society are structured to maintain its stability
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Manifest Functions
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Institutions are open, stated, conscious functions that involve intended and recognized consequences of an aspect of society
Example: University's role in certifying academic competence and excellence |
Latent Functions
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Unintended or hidden functions of institutions
Example: University's role to hold down unemployment and to serve as a meeting group for people seeking martial partners |
Conflict Perspective
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Keyword: Inequality (haves and have-nots)
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Interactionist 'Symbolic' Perspective
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Generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction (interpreting symbols and constructing meaning)
Construction of reality |
Dramaturgical Approach
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Interactionist Perspective
Erving Goffman People are seen as theatrical performers |
Operational Definition
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Explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow researchers to assess the concept
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Hypothesis
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Speculative statement about the relationship between two or more factors, known as variables
Example: the higher one's educational degree the more money one will earn |
Independent Variable
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Variable hypothesized to cause or influence another
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Dependent Variable
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Action depends on the influence of the independent variable
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Random Sample
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When every member of a population has the same chance of being selected
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Validity
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Degree to which the measure reflects the phenomenon being studied
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Participation Observation
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Sociologist joins group to get accurate sens of how it operates
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