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Related Flashcards
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Cards In This Set
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What
is the sociological imagination? Why is it important
What
is the sociological imagination? Why is it important?
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An
awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society, both
today and in the past
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Know
how to apply the 3 theoretical perspectives to different social phenomena
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a.
Functionalist perspective: society are
structured to maintain stability
b. Conflict perspective: assume that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups c. Interactionist perspective: generalize about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole |
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What
is the scientific method
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Defining
the problem; reviewing the literature; formulating the hypothesis; selecting
the research design and collecting and analyzing data; and developing the
conclusion
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Be
familiar with the 4 major research designs
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a.
Surveys, observation, experiments, use of
existing sources
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What are the elements of culture
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Language,
norms, sanctions, and values
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How
are sanctions used
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Penalties
and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm
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How
does culture develop
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Innovation, diffusion and globolization
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What
is cultural variation
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Adapting
to the climate, weather and conditions
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What
is the difference between cultural relativism and ethnocentrism
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a.
Cultural relativism: is the evaluation of a
people’s behavior from the perspective of their own culture
b.
Ethnocentrism: refer to the tendency to assume
that one’s own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to
all others
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What
is cultural diffusion
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Ideas
spread to others
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What
is socialization
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Is
the active process by which humans adapt to and internalize society
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What
are the agents of socialization and how does each contribute to the
socialization process
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Family: teach our gender role;
peer groups:suppoer or harassment; media: introduce unfamiliar lifestyle and culture; school: teach us customs and values of larger society; workplace; religion and state: brings family together, regulate us
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Be
familiar with the theories of ‘self’ – Cooley, Mead, Goffman
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a.
Cooley: imagine how we present ourselves,
imagine how people evaluate us, develop feelings about ourselves as a result of these
impressions
b.
Meads: preparatory state- learn use of symbols,
play state- awareness of social relationships, game stage- consider several
task and relationships simultaneously, generalized other- attitudes, viewpoints
and expectations
c.
Goffman: presentation of self- humans are actors
on stage, impression management- alteration and/or manipulation of self, face
work- repairs social breach
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Know
the difference between ascribed and achieved statuses
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a.
Ascribed status: is assigned to a person by
society without regard for the person’s unque talents or characteristics
b.
Achieved status: a social position attained by a
person largely through his or her own efforts
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What
are the elements of any social structure
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Statues,
social roles, groups
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