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Synthesis (combination) reaction
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2 or more reactants join to form a compound. (6.1)
Element + element = Compound A + B --> AB |
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Decomposition reaction
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A compound breaks down into 2 or more products. (6.1)
Compound = Element + element AB --> A + B |
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Single replacement reaction
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Replaces one element from the compound with a separate element added as a reactant. (6.1)
A + BC --> B + AC (where A is a metal) A + BC --> C + BA (where A is a non-metal) |
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Double replacement reaction
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Swap elements between 2 compounds, reacting together to form 2 new compounds. 1 compound forms a precipitate. (6.1)
AB + CD --> AD + CB (non-metals switch) |
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Neutralization (Acid-Base) reaction
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Occur when an acid (most compounds starting with H) and a base (most compounds ending in OH) react to form a salt and water. (6.1)
HX + MOH --> MX + H2O |
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Combustion reaction
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Occur when a compound or element react with oxygen to release engery and produce an oxide. (6.1)
CxHy + O2 + CO2 + H2O |
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Precipitate
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An insoluble solid that forms from a solution. Formed in combustion reaction. Floats in solution then settles and sinks to the bottom. (6.1)
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Reaction rate
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The rate at which reactants become products; how fast a reaction occurs. (6.2)
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Concentration
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The amount of substance dissolved in a given volume of solution.
An increase in concentration = an increase in reaction rate because more particles hit each other more often since they're closer together so the reaction is faster. |
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Surface area
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The measure of how much area of an object is exposed. Larger surface area = a faster reaction rate because there's more area for the particles to collide on.
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Catalyst
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A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction itself.
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