Roman Art and Architecture VI

C. 80 BCOptimates -> a party for smaller government held by fewer people (sulla)Populares -> a party for the mass of the people (Caesar)

Samnite town conquered by Sulla in 88BC Earthquak in 62 BCEruption of Vesuvius: 24 August 79 CE; under ash; 1748 discoveredNot a perfect grid-> not a standard Roman town-> rich townRebuilt after 62 BC to emulate Roman style

C. 100-80BC Temple of Jupiter/CapitoliumTall on a podium, frontal columns, 3 cella.. classic Roman Capitolium tall and frontal (etruscan) stone (greek)In Forum of Pompeii

C. 100 BC exception because of columns all the way around and entrance on the long sidenave, clerestory and aisles were the progression of structures in Basilica

C. 80BC Stacked barrel vaults to make a hill where the theater is built on w/ barrel vaults shooting off to enter the stadiumcavea-> the seatsscaena frons -> stage frontorchestra -> stage below

C. 80 BC for Q. Valgus and M. Porcius same as theater but is smaller and a concert hall

C. 80BC for Q. Valgus and M. Porciustwo theaters put together in an oval shapeonly for blood sports-->given by Sullafirst permanent theater for fear of rioting crowdsvomitoria -> barrel vaults that go directly to the theater for crowd to 'spew out' of at the end of the performancevelarium -> cloth-like awning pulled over seats to give crowd shade from sun

Italic style house 3rd century BCAristocratic urban residence bilateral symmetry, central axis, light source from central atrium, has a place for trade and negotiations (tabernae)few windows->inward turningfauces-> jaws (entranceway) mosaic of doglaraium -> family gods (in fauces)atrium->central gathering place (tetrastyle->4 columns corinthian)impluvium->basin in floor for fresh water (tuscan style:plain)compluvium-> hole in roof (tuscan style:plain)tablinum-> where family records are keptcubiculum-> bedrooms, no windows, carpet mosaicsalae-> wings (hallways) busts of ancestors there triclinium -> dining room, 3 benches surrounding a tablehortus-> outside garden

3rd-2nd century BC House of Sallust: standard italic domusthermopolium-> fast food restaurant for income (in one of the front rooms)first style painting: fresco;stuccoed-> c. 100BC-took poor ingredients and painted to make it look like marble (pseudo-marble)

2nd century BC forward: Hellenized Domusperistyle->replaces hortus w/bigger garden surrounded by columns.. more nature-dining rooms around it (oecus)->more space for entertainment surrounded by columns (greek)

C.100-50BC House of Faunoecus with Alexander Mosaic c. 50-sheds light on the degree of wealthopus vermiculatum-> details of the mosaic

C.100-50BC House of Silver Wedding (fancier and bigger)tetrastyle-> atrium has 4 columnscorinthian->corinthian capitals on tetrastyle

C. 100-50BC House of the Griffins on Palatine (rich houses of the republic)second style painting (style of illusions)-painted columns (cheaper and more space)-theatrical style -bilaterally symmetrical porfrey->purple stone-> rare entity associated with royalty Odysseus frieze->pictures beyond columns to create an out of room experience c. 50BC

C.50BC Villa at Boscoreale for Fannius SynistorSecond Style Painting Peristyle then atrium (layout)->inverse of domus-has windows (view of landscape)view of cityscape through columns painted on wall->feeling of escaping the villa

C. 50BC Villa of Mysteries, PompeiiOpen walls->openness to a view Second Style (theatrical, perspective, illusion)-did things in painting before pushing the limits of architectureMegalography->big figure painting Mystery Cult->you have to know the rights before you can be a part of it therefore outsiders couldnt get inDionysiac mysteries->fallacy (second style)All paintings lifelike and represent wha might actually be happening in the room