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Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
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What are the functions of the respiratory system?
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- transport of oxygen from air to blod
- removal of carbon dioxide from blood into air - control of pH - temperature regulation - forming line of defense to airborne particles |
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What is the pharynx?
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- it connects the nasal cavity and mouth
|
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What is the pathway of the respiratory system?
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- pharynx - larynx - trachea - left and right bronchi - smaller and smaller bronchioles - end up in alveoli
|
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Where does gas exchange occur?
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- alveoli
|
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Explain the structure of the alveoli.
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- wall composed of one cell thick of alveolar epithelial cells (type 1 cells)
- type 2 cells secrete surfactance that lines alveoli - fibers of elastin and collagen in walls |
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What is the respiratory membrane?
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- where gas exchange takes place
- region between alveolar space and capillary lumen |
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What protects the body from airborne particles that make their way into the alveoli?
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- macrophages and lymphocytes
|
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What is the direction of blood flow?
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- pulmonary artery delivers deoxygenated blood to lungs
- pulmonary artery branches to form a network of capillaries around each alveolus - gas exchange occurs - oxygenated blood flows to left side of heart through pulmonary vein |
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What is the pleural membrane?
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- lines and sticks to ribs
|
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What is visceral pleura?
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- surrounds and sticks to lungs
|
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Why are these two membranes important?
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- they form the intrapleural space which contains pleural fluid that reduces friction between two membranes during breathing
- as a result, if the chest wall expands, the lungs will also expand |
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What are the tendencies of the ribs and lungs?
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- ribs spring outwards, lungs tend to recoil and collapse because of the elastin
|
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What is alveolar pressure?
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- the pressure inside the lungs
|
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What is intrapleural pressure?
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- the pressure in the intrapleural space
|
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What is the atmospheric pressure?
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- outside the body
- 760 mmHg |
