Respiratory Diseases- Chronic Pulmonary Disease, Obstructive and Restrictive

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary diesease Chronic Restrictive Pulmonary Disease

There are 4 mechanism involve Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease spasmof smooth muscles encircling airways inflammation and swelling of airway mucusa excessive secretions of mucus loss of elastic tissue that normally holds smaller airways open

Less gas exchange at the respiratory membrane because of less volume of air the lung can absorb due to parenchymal scar tissue and fibrosis.

is the reduction in expiratory airflow which is not irreversible due to persistent abnormal inflammatory response.

Emphysema Chronic Brochitis Bronchiectasis

Cigarette smoking Air Pollution

Large airways, the small bronchioles and the lung parenchyma

Narrowed airways constricted muscles Damage airway to the passage wall inflammation

Chronic and acute

Cough is usually common in the morning, produces colourless sputum Dyspnea- does not usually after the 5th decade of life wheezing- exertion and minimal exertion

Decreased fat free mas impaired systemic muscle function osteoporosis anemia depression Pulmonary hypertension cor pulmonale

THIN BARREL CHEST- ribs are stick in the expiratory postion wheezing- sound of the lungs when they expire and prolonged expiration tachypnea cynanosis- in prolonged cases hypoxemia- decrease oxygen in blood hypercapnia- increase of carbon dioxide in the blood

Geared towards reduces symptoms, patient education, stop smoking, exercise- lower extremity endurance exercises regularly to enhance performance of daily activities.

Bronchial smooth muscle contraction bronchial mucosal congestion edema airway inflammation increase airway secretions

Brochodilators- increase brochial size - fast relief- short time- inhaler, nebuliser, pill or injectible long acting brochodilaors- pill form Beta Agonists- smooth muscles relaxation Anticholnergic- act as broncho dilators methylxathines theophylline- which increases diaphragm contraction antiinflammatory medication antibiotics- chronic infection in the lower airways are common mucolytic- sputum viscosity and improve secretion clearance