Research Methods Exam 2

Everyone has same scores and the professor cannot tell the difference

*Range effects decrease the differences (variability) between treatment groups.*

Simple questions given and results are all 100, and so again failed because no measurements

*Range effects decrease in variability or differences between treatment groups.

Established measures have already been validated and deemed reliable, but they may not meet your research needs.
New Measures, although may be more useful in research needs, they must be evaluated for validity and reliability which takes time and effort.

Technique used in delivery rooms for example; picture in delivery room. method of showing images to answer questions or measure variable.

Phoneme: smallest distinct sound unit in language (vowels and consonants)
At first, child gets used to "ba" sound, then changes speed when hearing "pa" sound. He gets used to or habituated to the first sound and once it changes because of another sound is presented, that time can be measured.

Child looking at pictures after hearing a sound of a cat and picking out which picture belongs to sound. Used to measure attention in infants.

A nominal scale is really a list of categories to which objects can be classified. Examples could be political affiliation, gender, personality.

Different values of a variable can be ranked according to quantity. Example, high moderate, or low self esteem. another example could be a doctor might use a scale of 0-10 to indicate degree of improvement in some condition.

Spacing between values is known. No true zero point. IQ scores, temps, F and C. even if its 0 degree in F it's not in C.

Similar to interval scale, but with a true zero point. Example is length, volume, time, temps like kelvin (0 degree)

If invasive, only use on animals!

Rating scale: rate of attractiveness of a person 0-10 scale
Likert scale: agree or disagree with statement from 1-5
Qsort method: many items that need to be sorted into different categories to be evaluated.

Expectancy effects: when an experimenter expects a certain type of behavior from participant
Treating different groups differently: depending on the condition to which they were assigned.
Affects external and internal validity.

The ability to apply findings from a sample to the population.

Sample from specialized population. College students, internet research because participants are self-selected volunteers