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1) Civil Rights Act of 1866
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"All citizens...same right as white citizens...inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold and convery real and personal property"
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2) Fair Housing Act of 1968 (Title VIII)
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- Expanded: Race, Color, Religion, National Origin
- Jones v Mayer: No exceptions at all for racial discrimination |
3) Housing and Community Development Act 1974
(1974 also the Equal Credit Opportunity Act) |
- Added Sex
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4) Fair Housing Amendments Act 1988
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- Added Disability and Familial Status (kids)
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US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administers these laws
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- Rules and Regs / Interpretations etc
**Prohibits discrimination based on association with protected class of peoples |
Exemptions to FHA
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- Housing for Older Persons i.e. age 62+ can restrict kids (Retirement home)
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Megan's Law
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- Promotion of state law regarding Where sex offenders live / must be registered
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
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- Title III: accessibility to goods and services i.e. commercial
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Blockbusting
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- Encouraging sale by saying other classes/people with negatively affect property values
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Steering
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- Channelling towards certain neighborhoods based on race, religion etc
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Advertising
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HUD Advertising guidelines for language, pictures etc
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Redlining
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- Refusing to make mortgage loans etc in specific areas for any reason (usually race) other than credit / economic qualification
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Enforcement of FHA
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- HUD investigates complaints
- Penalties range from up to $11,000 / $27,000 / $55,000 - Civil penalties up to $50,000 for first violation - up to $100,000 for subsequent violation |
Code of Ethics
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NAR has adopted a Code of Ethics
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