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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
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95% of PEs caused?
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DVTs
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Development of PE increased by waht 3 major factors?
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Virchow's triad: stasis, aleration in bvs (injury), hypercoagulability
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4 high-risk conditions for stasis?
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Surgery, heart failure, chronic venous stasis, immobility
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2 high-risk conditions for alteration of bvs?
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Fractures or surgery of lower extremity; major trauma
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8 high risk conditions for hypercoag?
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Postpartum period, malig, oral contraceptives, defs in protein S/C or antithrombin III; lupus anticoag, activated protein c resistance= factor V Leiden, prothrombin gene mutations, hyperhomocysteinemia
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Most prominent symtpom in PE?
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Sudden dyspnea
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Describe chest pain in PE
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Pleuritic (increases with inspiration)
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Is cough seen?
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Yes, in 1/3 of pts
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Is hemoptysis seen?
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Not really. if see this, think pulmonary infarction
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Other presentations: syncope, supravenous tachycardia (SVTs), worsening of underlying heart failure or lung disease...anxiety or agitation. vital sign changes on exam?
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Tachycardia, tachypnea
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If fever, think?
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Low grade fever can be seen in PE (<101 or 38.3 C); if high (>103): unlikely PE
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Lung exam: finding?
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Scattered rales
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Cardiac exam may reveal signs of what? what are these signs?
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Signs of right sided heart strain. they are: loud pulmonic component of second heart sound (P2), best heard in left second intercostal space...right-sided s3 (increased with inspiration)...right ventricular heave (palpable lift over left sternal border)
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Ddx for SOB/chest pain?
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Pneumothorax, mi, pericarditis, asthma, pneumonia
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Ddx for massive PE with hypotension and hemodynamic instability?
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Mi with shock, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, aortic dissection
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