Psychology Chapters 1-4

1) nature-nurture issue2) continuity and discontinuity3) universal and context-specific development issue

1) biological2) psychological3) sociocultural4) life-cycle forces

1) biological2) psychological3) sociocultural

Study of the brain and nervous system, especially in terms of brain-behavior relationships.

1) psychodynamic2) learning3) cognitive4) ecological5) systems

Think development is largely determined by how well people resolve conflicts at different ages

8 stages1) basic trust vs mistrust - birth to 1 year2) autonomy vs shame - 1 to 3 years3) initiative vs guilt - 3 to 6 years4) industry vs inferiority - 6 years to adolescence5) identity vs identity confusion - adolescence6) intimacy vs isolation - young adulthood7) generativity vs stagnation - middle adulthood8) integrity vs despair - late life

Each psychosocial state in Erikson's theory has its own special period of particular importance

Believed infants' minds were blank slates

Studied by B.F. Skinnerconsequences of a behavior determine whether a behavior is repeated in the future.

Consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior repeating in the future.

Consequence that decreases likelihood of a behavior repeating by adding something aversive or taking away something pleasant.

Style of learning that occurs by watching others behave.

People's beliefs about their own abilities. Albert Bandura believed that experience gave people more self-efficacy.

Focuses on how children construct knowledge and how it changes over time.